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Important Characteristics of Diphtheria

The characteristics of diphtheria can sometimes be similar to a common sore throat. Diphtheria is a disease caused by a bacterial infection that attacks the nose and throat. The spread and transmission of the bacteria that cause diphtheria takes place easily and quickly. That is why it is important to know and recognize the characteristics of diphtheria. Diphtheria generally attacks children under the age of 5 years, the elderly over 60 years, as well as some adults who have never received diphtheria immunization, malnutrition or living in areas where the environment is less healthy.

Recognize the Characteristics of Diphtheria

The characteristics of diphtheria are different for each person. There are some people who do not experience any characteristics when exposed to diphtheria. There are also those who only show signs such as people who have mild flu. Here are some of the characteristics of diphtheria that you should be aware of, including:
  • Sore throat
  • A thick, grayish layer develops in the throat and tonsils
  • Coughing and hoarseness
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
  • Headache
  • Body fever and chills
  • Saliva continues to drip
  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Speak vaguely
  • The body sweats and feels weak
  • Faster heartbeat.
In addition to the throat, diphtheria can also occur on the skin. The characteristics of skin diphtheria are reddish skin and boils appear on the skin. In addition, spots such as blisters appear on the skin of the feet and hands. The spots contain pus, which then enlarges and looks like boils. When diphtheria has healed, this boil will heal, even though it takes 2-3 months.

Diphtheria Must Be Treated Immediately

Although some people experience diphtheria with mild symptoms, do not ignore this disease. Because, if not treated completely, diphtheria can cause complications, namely:

  • Respiratory problems

    • Already mentioned above, diphtheria can cause a thick layer of gray in the throat and tonsils. This thick layer is formed from dead cells, bacteria, and inflammatory substances, which hardens. This layer can interfere with breathing.

  • Nerve disorders

    • Toxins from germs that cause diphtheria can also cause nerve disorders, especially the throat nerves. This is what makes you hard to swallow. Nerves in other parts can also be damaged by this poison. For example, nerves that help control the breathing muscles. If these nerves are damaged by toxins from diphtheria bacteria, the breathing muscles can be paralyzed. As a result, you cannot breathe without breathing apparatus.

  • Heart damage

    • The bacteria that cause diphtheria can produce toxins or poisons. This toxin can follow the bloodstream and eventually spread throughout the body. This toxin is tissue damaging. One of them is heart muscle, which can then cause complications, such as swelling of the heart muscle (myocarditis). Swelling of the heart muscle can also cause severe conditions such as heart failure, even sudden death.
Diphtheria treatment is by giving antibiotics and injections of antitoxin to neutralize toxins from diphtheria germs in the body. However, despite being treated, there is still a risk of death from diphtheria. Especially diphtheria in children under the age of 15 years. In infants and children, complete DPT immunization (diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus) which can be obtained through government programs. Likewise, do diphtheria vaccination in adults who have never been vaccinated before. If you find the characteristics of diphtheria in children or adults, you should immediately consult a doctor for proper treatment.

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